Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a major problem in India. The result of this conflict is not good for both species. The major problem is not only human elephant collision but the vehicles and train collision. Basically many of the Train tracks are cross over from forest area. So it is very serious issue in our India. In Hinduism animals occupy an important place. It is said that when Brahma created the animals, he hid a specific secret in each of them to signify their spiritual importance to humans. It is also said that Shiva imparted to each of them specific states of yogic awareness. In ancient India, knowledge of the animals, or pasu vidya was considered an important subject of study. Hindus believe that animals may contain the souls of their ancestors or may be reborn as friends and family members. Therefore, animal abuse is not encouraged. India is probably the only country in the world where life in all forms is honoured and revered, and where you will find temples and rituals for animals. In the religious traditions of India, elephants symbolize royalty, majesty, strength, divinity, abundance, fertility, intelligence, keenness, destructive power, and grasping power. The souls in elephants are said to be highly evolved and ripe for evolution. The Hindu Puranas suggest that elephants in the past had wings. Elephants appearing in dreams to mothers before the birth of an important person or sage is a common cultural theme of India. An elephant is kingly. Hence, the head of an elephant herd or the royal elephant of a temple goes by the epithet, gajaraj, king of the elephants. Since they represent royalty, power and strength, in the past India had dynasties named
after elephants. For example, a dynasty named Gajapathis (lord of the elephants) ruled parts of southern and eastern India. From the writings of Megasthanese, a Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya, we know that kings employed people who excelled in the art of capturing, taming and domesticating wild elephants. Elephant care was an important subject for which there were treatises. The Vedas do not directly refer to the elephants, but we know that elephants were native to India and existed in the subcontinent even before the Vedic civilization. Indra's vehicle is a white, elephant known as Airavath, which according to the Puranas emerged during the churning of the oceans by gods and demons. It was given to Indra as a gift. Ganesha, the lord of the Shiva ganas, has the head of an elephant. His large head symbolizes knowledge, intelligence and thinking power. Even today, many Hindu temples maintain one or more elephants and use them during festivities, and public processions. In a way, it is a sad situation since the elephants remain captive and exposed to the risk of unwanted human attention, negligence, and unintended cruelty. So our project came with very cheap and effective way to avoid the whole problem like human elephant conflict and vehicles Elephant collision. So via this not only we can save Elephant in our forest but also we can maintain the rituals and religion respect towards the Elephant, known as the largest living animal on earth. Our concept is very simple and highly effective if our project is successfully implement in particular area where the collision chances is more than damn sure we save lots of life and the disaster caused by meeting of two smartest living organism of the earth. Basically Elephant are use infrasound (less than 20Hz) for communicating. Which is not audible to human but they also produce audible sound too. Many protection are given to elephant but that is not enough because Elephant are like to travel for food and water for long distance. Unfortunately this increase the chance of collision. Basically in North-East state Assam every year Elephant are come in field area and the result is unexpected. In this situation both side get effected.
Fig. (a) Elephant in field. Fig. (b) Elephant in Railway track.
Fig. (c) Elephant on Road. Fig. (d) Elephant in field (North east state).
Fig. (e) Elephant human interaction.
COMPONENTS USED
1) Arduino microcontroller,
2) Sound Sensor,
3) Laser sensor,
4) GSM,
5) Bluetooth Module,
6) Loudspeaker,
7) LED Lights,
8) Miscellaneous.
1. ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world. The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.
2. SOUND SENSOR
Grove - Sound Sensor can detect the sound strength of the environment. The main component of the module is a simple microphone, which is based on the LM358 amplifier and an electret microphone. This module's output is analog and can be easily sampled and tested by a Arduino. It is a simple same like phone microphone. It have a wide range of sound detection.
3. LASER SENSOR
Laser sensors are used where small objects or precise positions are to be detected. They are designed as through-beam sensors, retro-reflective sensors or diffuse reflection sensors. Laser light consists of light waves of the same wave length with a fixed phase ratio (coherence). This results in an important feature of laser systems. The result is, Long ranges can be achieved thanks to the small angle of divergence. The laser spot which is also clearly visible in daylight simplifies the alignment of the system.
4. GSM Global System for Mobile GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stands for global system for mobile communication (GSM). The idea of GSM was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970. It is widely used mobile communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands. GSM system was developed as a digital system using time division multiple access (TDMA) technique for communication purpose. A GSM digitizes and reduces the data, then sends it down through a channel with two different streams of client data, each in its own particular time slot. The digital system has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates. GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an architecture used for mobile communication in most of the countries. Global Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of GSM that enables higher data transmission rate. GSM/GPRS module consists of a GSM/GPRS modem assembled together with power supply circuit and communication interfaces (like RS-232, USB, etc) for computer. GSM/GPRS MODEM is a class of wireless MODEM devices that are designed for communication of a computer with the GSM and GPRS network. It requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate communication with the network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar to mobile phones for their identification. GSM board are cheap and very effective output it use very low power 5 volt and maximum of 1 ampere.
5. BLUETOOTH MODULE
HC-05 is a class-2 Bluetooth module with Serial Port Profile, which can configure as either Master or slave. Drop-in replacement for wired serial connections, transparent usage. It can be used simply for a serial port replacement to establish connection between MCU, PC to your embedded project and etc.
6. LOUDSPEAKER
Loud speaker is device which is used to amplify the sound signal. It is a simple either electric or electronic device which can amplify the sound. Hence it is very useful for emergency alert system.
7. LED LIGHTS
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern. High luminous Led consume little more power than normal LED. Even though they are more power saver when compare to normal light.
LED Light.
8. MISCELLANEOUS
Miscellaneous things are like wire, power cable, power bank and cases which support the whole system.
WORKING
The working concept of this model is very simple and easy. The laser is fixed in particular height as per the average height of Indian elephant. Whenever any elephant cross or interrupt the laser beam it will activate the sound sensor. When sound sensor activate it will analyse the sound according to the frequency. Then the micro controller activate the GSM and Bluetooth module.
If the train is on track then GSM will send message to driver and the control room. If it is a road then Bluetooth sensor activate the lights and emergency sound. By this we can save many life. All the working process of this project is automatically hence no operator are required.
Comments
Post a Comment